Configure Your Java build & deploy pipeline

Zerops provides a customizable build and runtime environment for your Java application.

Add zerops.yaml to your repository

Start by adding zerops.yaml file to the root of your repository and modify it to fit your application:

zerops:
  # define hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build:
      # REQUIRED. Set the base technology for the build environment:
      base: java@latest

      # OPTIONAL. Set the operating system for the build environment.
      # os: ubuntu

      # OPTIONAL. Customize the build environment by installing additional packages
      # or tools to the base build environment.
      # prepareCommands:
      #   - sudo apt-get something
      #   - curl something else

      # OPTIONAL. Build your application
      buildCommands:
        - ./mvnw clean install
      # REQUIRED. Select which files / folders to deploy after
      # the build has successfully finished
      deployFiles: target/app.jar

      # OPTIONAL. Which files / folders you want to cache for the next build.
      # Next builds will be faster when the cache is used.
      # cache: some_file

    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run:
      # OPTIONAL. Sets the base technology for the runtime environment:
      base: java@latest

      # OPTIONAL. Sets the internal port(s) your app listens on:
      ports:
        # port number
        - port: 8080

      # OPTIONAL. Customize the runtime Java environment by installing additional
      # dependencies to the base Java runtime environment.
      # prepareCommands:
      #   - sudo apt-get something
      #   - curl something else

      # OPTIONAL. Run one or more commands each time a new runtime container
      # is started or restarted. These commands are triggered before
      # your Java application is started.
      # initCommands:
      #  - rm -rf ./cache

      # REQUIRED. Your Java application start command
      start: java -jar target/app.jar

The top-level element is always zerops.

Setup

The first element setup contains the hostname of your service. A runtime service with the same hostname must exist in Zerops. Zerops supports the definition of multiple runtime services in a single zerops.yaml. This is useful when you use a monorepo. Just add multiple setup elements in your zerops.yaml:

zerops:
  # definition for app service
  - setup: app
    # optional
    build: ...
    # optional
    deploy: ...
    # required
    run: ...

  # definition for api service
  - setup: api
    # optional
    build: ...
    # optional
    deploy: ...
    # required
    run: ...

Each service configuration contains at least the run section. Optional build and deploy sections can be added to further customize your process.

Build pipeline configuration

base

REQUIRED. Sets the base technology for the build environment.

Following options are available for Java builds:

• java@21java@latest
• java@17

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build:
      # REQUIRED. Sets the base technology for the build environment:
      base: java@latest
      ...

The base build environment contains Alpine Linux, the selected version of Java, Zerops command line tool, git and wget.

Info

You can change the base environment when you need to. Just simply modify the zerops.yaml in your repository.

If you need to install more technologies to the build environment, set multiple values as a yaml array. For example:

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build:
      # REQUIRED. Sets the base technology for the build environment:
      base:
        - java@latest
      prepareCommands:
        - zsc add nodejs@latest
      ...

See the full list of supported build base environments.

To customize your build environment use the prepareCommands attribute.

Note

Modifying the base technology will invalidate your build cache. See our Build Cache Documentation for more details about cache invalidation.

os

OPTIONAL. Sets the operating system for the build environment.

Following options are available:

• alpine
• ubuntu

Default value is alpine.

We are currently using following os version:

• Alpine Linux
• Ubuntu

Caution

The os version is fixed and cannot be customized.

Note

Changing the OS setting will invalidate your build cache. See our Build Cache Documentation for details about cache behavior.

prepareCommands

OPTIONAL. Customizes the build environment by installing additional dependencies or tools to the base build environment.

The base build environment contains:

• Alpine Linux
• selected version of Java defined in the base attribute
• Zerops command line tool
• git and wget

To install additional packages or tools add one or more prepare commands:

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build:
      # REQUIRED. Set the base technology for the build environment:
      base: java@latest

      # OPTIONAL. Customize the build environment by installing additional packages
      # or tools to the base build environment.
      prepareCommands:
        - sudo apt-get something
        - curl something else
      ...

When the first build is triggered, Zerops will

1. create a build container
2. download your application code from your repository
3. run the prepare commands in the defined order

The application code is available in /build/source before the prepare commands are triggered, so you can use any file from your repository in your prepare commands (e.g. a configuration file). The commands themselves run in the /home/zerops directory.

Note

These commands are skipped when using cached environment. Modifying prepareCommands will invalidate your build cache. See our Build Cache Documentation for details about cache invalidation.

Command exit code

If any command fails, it returns an exit code other than 0 and the build is canceled. Read the build log to troubleshoot the error. If the command ends successfully, it returns the exit code 0 and Zerops triggers the following command. When all prepare commands are finished, your custom build environment is ready for the build phase.

Single or separated shell instances

You can configure your prepare commands to be run in a single shell instance or multiple shell instances. The format is identical to build commands.

buildCommands

OPTIONAL. Defines build commands.

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build:
      # REQUIRED. Set the base technology for the build environment:
      base: java@latest

      # OPTIONAL. Build your application
      buildCommands:
        - ./mvnw clean install
      ...

Build commands are optional. Zerops triggers each command in the defined order in a dedicated build container, running from the /build/source directory.

Before the build commands are triggered the build container contains:

1. base environment defined by the base attribute
2. optional customisation of the base environment defined in the prepareCommands attribute
3. your application code

Run build commands as a single shell instance

Use following syntax to run all commands in the same environment context. For example, if one command changes the current directory, the next command continues in that directory. When one command creates an environment variable, the next command can access it. Suppose your mvnw executable file is in a cmd directory.

buildCommands:
  - |
    cd cmd
    ./mvnw clean install

Run build commands as a separate shell instances

When the following syntax is used, each command is triggered in a separate environment context. For example, each shell instance starts in the home directory again. When one command creates an environment variable, it won't be available for the next command. Suppose your mvnw executable file is in a cmd directory.

buildCommands:
  - cd cmd
  - ./cmd/mvnw clean install

Command exit code

If any command fails, it returns an exit code other than 0 and the build is canceled. Read the build log to troubleshoot the error. If the error log doesn't contain any specific error message, try to run your build with the -X debug option.

buildCommands:
  - ./mvnw -X clean install

If the command ends successfully, it returns the exit code 0 and Zerops triggers the following command. When all buildCommands are finished, the application build is completed and ready for the deploy phase.

deployFiles

REQUIRED. Selects which files or folders will be deployed after the build has successfully finished. To filter out specific files or folders, use .deployignore file.

# REQUIRED. Select which files / folders to deploy after
# the build has successfully finished
deployFiles:
  - app.jar

Determines files or folders produced by your build, which should be deployed to your runtime service containers.

The path starts from the root directory of your project (the location of zerops.yaml). You must enclose the name in quotes if the folder or the file name contains a space.

The files/folders will be placed into /var/www folder in runtime, e.g. ./src/assets/fonts would result in /var/www/src/assets/fonts.

Examples

Deploys a folder, and a file from the project root directory:

deployFiles:
  - api
  - app.jar

Deploys the whole content of the build container:

deployFiles: .

Deploys a folder, and a file in a defined path:

deployFiles:
  - ./path/to/file.txt
  - ./path/to/dir/

How to use a wildcard in the path

Zerops supports the ~ character as a wildcard for one or more folders in the path.

Deploys all file.txt files that are located in any path that begins with /path/ and ends with /to/

deployFiles: ./path/~/to/file.txt

Deploys all folders that are located in any path that begins with /path/to/

deployFiles: ./path/to/~/

Deploys all folders that are located in any path that begins with /path/ and ends with /to/

deployFiles: ./path/~/to/

Example

By default, ./src/assets/fonts deploys to /var/www/src/assets/fonts, keeping the full path. Adding ~, like ./src/assets/~fonts, shortens it to /var/www/fonts

.deployignore

Add a .deployignore file to the root of your project to specify which files and folders Zerops should ignore during deploy. The syntax follows the same pattern format as .gitignore.

To ignore a specific file or directory path, start the pattern with a forward slash (/). Without the leading slash, the pattern will match files with that name in any directory.

Tip

For consistency, it's recommended to configure both your .gitignore and .deployignore files with the same patterns.

Examples:

zerops.yaml

zerops:
  - setup: app
    build:
      deployFiles: ./

.deployignore

/src/file.txt

The example above ignores file.txt only in the root src directory.

.deployignore

src/file.txt

This example above ignores file.txt in ANY directory named src, such as:

• /src/file.txt
• /folder2/folder3/src/file.txt
• /src/src/file.txt

Note

.deployignore file also works with zcli service deploy command.

cache

OPTIONAL. Defines which files or folders will be cached for the next build.

# OPTIONAL. Which files / folders you want to cache for the next build.
# Next builds will be faster when the cache is used.
cache: file.txt

The cache attribute helps optimize build times by preserving specified files between builds.

The cache attribute supports the ~ wildcard character.

Learn more about the build cache system in Zerops.

envVariables

OPTIONAL. Defines the environment variables for the build environment.

Enter one or more env variables in following format:

zerops:
  # define hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build:
      base: java@latest
        …

      # OPTIONAL. Defines the env variables for the build environment:
      envVariables:
        DB_NAME: db
        DB_HOST: db
        DB_USER: db
        DB_PASS: ${db_password}

Read more about environment variables in Zerops.

Runtime configuration

base

OPTIONAL. Sets the base technology for the runtime environment. If you don't specify the run.base attribute, Zerops keeps the current Java version for your runtime.

Following options are available for Java builds:

• java@21java@latest
• java@17

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build:
      # REQUIRED. Sets the base technology for the build environment:
      base: java@latest
      ...

    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run:
      # OPTIONAL. Sets the base technology for the runtime environment:
        base: java@latest
      ...

The base runtime environment contains Alpine Linux, the selected major version of Java, Zerops command line tool, gitandwget`.

Info

You can change the base environment when you need to. Just simply modify the zerops.yaml in your repository.

If you need to install more technologies to the runtime environment, set multiple values as a yaml array. For example:

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build:
      # REQUIRED. Sets the base technology for the build environment:
      base: java@latest
      ...

    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run:
      # OPTIONAL. Sets the base technology for the runtime environment:
      base:
        - java@latest
      prepareCommands:
        - zsc add nodejs@latest
      ...

See the full list of supported run base environments.

To customize your build environment use the prepareCommands attribute.

os

OPTIONAL. Sets the operating system for the runtime environment.

Following options are available:

• alpine
• ubuntu

Default value is alpine.

We are currently using following os version:

• Alpine Linux
• Ubuntu

Caution

The os version is fixed and cannot be customized.

ports

OPTIONAL. Specifies one or more internal ports on which your application will listen.

Projects in Zerops represent a group of one or more services. Services can be of different types (runtime services, databases, message brokers, object storage, etc.). All services of the same project share a dedicated private network. To connect to a service within the same project, just use the service hostname and its internal port.

For example, to connect to a Java service with hostname = "app" and port = 8080 from another service of the same project, simply use app:8080. Read more about how to access a Java service.

Each port has following attributes:

Parameter	Description
port	Defines the port number. You can set any port number between 10 and 65435. Ports outside this interval are reserved for internal Zerops systems.
protocol	Optional. Defines the protocol. Allowed values are TCP or UDP. Default value is TCP.
httpSupport	Optional. httpSupport = true is the default setting for TCP protocol. Set httpSupport = false if a web server isn't running on the port. Zerops uses this information for the configuration of public access. httpSupport = true is available only in combination with the TCP protocol.

prepareCommands

OPTIONAL. Customizes the Java runtime environment by installing additional dependencies or tools to the runtime base environment.

The base Java environment contains Alpine Linux, the selected major version of Java, Zerops command line tool and git and wget. To install additional packages or tools add one or more prepare commands:

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build:
      ...

    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run:
      # OPTIONAL. Customise the runtime environment by installing additional packages
      # or tools to the base Java runtime environment.
      prepareCommands:
        - sudo apt-get something
        - curl something else
      ...

When the first deploy with a defined prepare attribute is triggered, Zerops will

1. create a prepare runtime container
2. optionally: copy selected folders or files from your build container
3. run the prepareCommands commands in the defined order

Note

run.prepareCommands run in the /home/zerops directory.

Command exit code

If any command fails, it returns an exit code other than 0 and the deploy is canceled. Read the prepare runtime log to troubleshoot the error. If the command ends successfully, it returns the exit code 0 and Zerops triggers the following command. When all prepareCommands commands are finished, your custom runtime environment is ready for the deploy phase.

Cache of your custom runtime environment

Some packages or tools can take a long time to install. Therefore, Zerops caches your custom runtime environment after the installation of your custom packages or tools is completed. When the second or following deploy is triggered, Zerops will use the custom runtime cache from the previous deploy if following conditions are met:

1. Content of the build.addToRunPrepare and run.prepareCommands attributes didn't change from the previous deploy
2. The custom runtime cache wasn't invalidated in the Zerops GUI.

To invalidate the Zerops runtime cache go to your service detail in Zerops GUI, choose Service dashboard & runtime containers from the left menu and click on the Open pipeline detail button. Then click on the Clear runtime prepare cache button.

When the prepare cache is used, Zerops doesn't create a prepare runtime container and executes the deployment of your application directly.

Single or separated shell instances

You can configure your prepare commands to be run in a single shell instance or multiple shell instances. The format is identical to build commands.

Copy folders or files from your build container

The prepare runtime container contains Alpine Linux, the selected major version of Java, Zerops command line tool and git and wget.

The prepare runtime container does not contain your application code nor the built application. If you need to copy some folders or files from the build container to the runtime container (e.g. a configuration file) use the addToRunPrepare attribute in the build section.

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build:
      ...
      addToRunPrepare: ./runtime-config.yaml

    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run:
      # OPTIONAL. Customise the runtime environment by installing additional packages
      # or tools to the base Java runtime environment.
      prepareCommands:
        - sudo apt-get something
        - curl something else
      ...

In the example above Zerops will copy the runtime-config.yaml file from your build container after the build has finished into the new prepare runtime container. The copied files and folders will be available in the /home/zerops folder in the new prepare runtime container before the prepare commands are triggered.

initCommands

OPTIONAL. Defines one or more commands to be run each time a new runtime container is started or a container is restarted.

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build: ...

    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run:
      # OPTIONAL. Run one or more commands each time a new runtime container
      # is started or restarted. These commands are triggered before
      # your Java application is started.
      initCommands:
        - rm -rf ./cache

These commands are triggered in the runtime container before your Java application is started via the start command.

Note

run.initCommands run in the /var/www directory.

Use init commands to clean or initialise your application cache or similar operations.

Caution

The init commands will delay the start of your application each time a new runtime container is started (including the horizontal scaling or when a runtime container is restarted).

Do not use the init commands for customising your runtime environment. Use the run:prepareCommands attribute instead.

Command exit code

If any of the initCommands fails, it returns an exit code other than 0, but deploy is not canceled. After all init commands are finished, regardless of the status code, the application is started. Read the runtime log to troubleshoot the error.

Single or separated shell instances

You can configure your initCommands to be run in a single shell instance or multiple shell instances. The format is identical to build commands.

envVariables

OPTIONAL. Defines the environment variables for the runtime environment.

Enter one or more env variables in following format:

zerops:
  # define hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run:
      # OPTIONAL. Defines the env variables for the runtime environment:
      envVariables:
        DB_NAME: db
        DB_HOST: db
        DB_USER: db
        DB_PASS: ${db_password}

Read more about environment variables in Zerops.

start

REQUIRED. Defines the start command for your Java application.

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build: ...

    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run:
      # REQUIRED. Your Java application start command
      start: java -jar target/app.jar

We recommend starting your Java application using java -jar target/app.jar.

health check

OPTIONAL. Defines a health check.

healthCheck requires either one httpGet object or one exec object.

httpGet

Configures the health check to request a local URL using a HTTP GET method.

Following attributes are available:

Parameter	Description
port	Defines the port of the HTTP GET request. The readiness check will trigger a GET request on http://127.0.0.1:{port}/{path}
path	Defines the URL path of the HTTP GET request. The readiness check will trigger a GET request on http://127.0.0.1:{port}/{path}
host	Optional. The readiness check is triggered from inside of your runtime container so it always uses the localhost 127.0.0.1. If you need to add a host to the request header, specify it in the host attribute.
scheme	Optional. The readiness check is triggered from inside of your runtime container so no https is required. If your application requires a https request, set scheme: https

Example:

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build: ...

    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run:
      # REQUIRED. Your Java application start command
      start: java -jar target/app.jar

      # OPTIONAL. Define a health check with a HTTP GET request option.
      # Configures the check on http://127.0.0.1:80/status
      healthCheck:
        httpGet:
          port: 80
          path: /status

exec

Configures the health check to run a local command. Following attributes are available:

Parameter	Description
command	Defines a local command to be run. The command has access to the same environment variables as your Java application. A single string is required. If you need to run multiple commands create a shell script or, use a multiline format as in the example below.

Example:

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build: ...

    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run:
      # REQUIRED. Your Java application start command
      start: java -jar target/app.jar

      # OPTIONAL. Define a health check with a shell command.
      healthCheck:
        exec:
          command: |
            touch grass
            rm -rf life
            mv /outside/user /home/user

crontab

OPTIONAL. Defines cron jobs.

Setup cron jobs in the following format:

zerops:
  # define hostname of your service
  - setup: app

    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run:
      crontab:
        # REQUIRED. Sets the command to execute:
        - command: ""
        # REQUIRED. Sets the interval time to execute:
          timing: "0 * * * *"

Read more about setting up cron in Zerops.

Deploy configuration

readiness check

OPTIONAL. Defines a readiness check. Read more about how the readiness check works in Zerops.

readinessCheck requires either one httpGet object or one exec object.

httpGet

Configures the readiness check to request a local URL using a http GET method.

Following attributes are available:

Parameter	Description
port	Defines the port of the HTTP GET request. The readiness check will trigger a GET request on http://127.0.0.1:{port}/{path}
path	Defines the URL path of the HTTP GET request. The readiness check will trigger a GET request on http://127.0.0.1:{port}/{path}
host	Optional. The readiness check is triggered from inside of your runtime container so it always uses the localhost 127.0.0.1. If you need to add a host to the request header, specify it in the host attribute.
scheme	Optional. The readiness check is triggered from inside of your runtime container so no https is required. If your application requires a https request, set scheme: https

Example:

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build: ...

    # ==== how to deploy your application ====
    deploy:
      # OPTIONAL. Define a readiness check with a HTTP GET request option.
      # Configures the check on http://127.0.0.1:80/status
      readinessCheck:
        httpGet:
          port: 80
          path: /status

    # ==== how to run your application ====
    run: ...

Read more about how the readiness check works in Zerops.

exec

Configures the readiness check to run a local command. Following attributes are available:

Parameter	Description
command	Defines a local command to be run. The command has access to the same environment variables as your Java application. A single string is required. If you need to run multiple commands create a shell script or, use a multiline format as in the example below.

Example:

zerops:
  # hostname of your service
  - setup: app
    # ==== how to build your application ====
    build: ...

    # ==== how to deploy your application ====
    deploy:
      # OPTIONAL. Define a readiness check with a HTTP GET request option.
      # Configures the check on http://127.0.0.1:80/status
      readinessCheck:
        exec:
          command: |
            touch grass
            rm -rf life
            mv /outside/user /home/user

Read more about how the readiness check works in Zerops.